Prepare the papaya: Peel the papaya, cut it in half, scoop out the seeds, and dice the flesh into 1-inch cubes. Set aside.
Heat a large skillet or camping pan over medium heat (if using a campfire, set a grate over medium-hot coals). Add the olive oil and let it shimmer.
Add the chicken pieces in a single layer. Cook for 4-5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until browned on all sides. Season with a pinch of salt and pepper.
Add the sliced bell pepper and red onion to the pan. Cook for 3 minutes, stirring, until the vegetables begin to soften.
Stir in the minced garlic, cumin, and smoked paprika. Cook for 30 seconds until fragrant.
Gently fold in the papaya cubes. Cook for 2-3 minutes, just until the papaya is warmed through and slightly caramelized. Do not overcook or it will become mushy.
Remove the pan from the heat. Squeeze fresh lime juice over the top and sprinkle with cilantro if using. Serve immediately directly from the pan or onto plates.